Dr. Liane Russell, a pioneer in the study of the dangers of radiation on developing embryos, whose findings are the reason doctors today ask women if they are pregnant before giving them X-rays, died on July 20 in a hospital in Oak Ridge, Tenn.

Al Jackson, a tough left-hander who provided a rare glint of hope in the early days of the woebegone New York Mets, has died at 83.

Mr. Williams’s career straddled the ‘‘Golden Age of Animation,’’ which petered out between the 1950s and 1960s, and the rise of computer-assisted animation in the 1990s and beyond.

Ms. Stratter was among the merchants who helped turn Allston and Brighton into neighborhoods where many new residents now choose to stay.

Mr. Krauss documented conversations with the last surviving speakers of Eyak, advocated for preserving endangered languages, and created a map of Alaska Native languages.

Former Louisiana Gov. Kathleen Babineaux Blanco, who became the state’s first female elected governor only to see her political career derailed by the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, has died.

The University of Texas star and former NFL running back died in a motorcycle accident.

Mr. Mocky was a contemporary of French New Wave directors François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. But his films, unlike theirs, were decidedly more grindhouse than art house.

Mr. Colón teamed up with writer Sid Jacobson to create a graphic novel version of the 9/11 report, the government-commissioned study that became a surprise bestseller in 2004.

Starting in 2001, she served for about a decade as the pianist on “Saturday Night Live,” eventually becoming the show’s musical director.

Dr. Donald F. Klein’s research into panic attacks, depression, childhood anxiety disorders, and related areas reshaped how such conditions are thought about and treated.

First published in the 1950s, Mrs. Marshall was for years virtually the only major black woman fiction writer in the United States.

Gerry Murray, an aggressive and durable roller derby star who began her career in the late 1930s — and, after retiring, resumed it in the 1970s — and whose teammates included her two husbands and her only son, died Aug. 9 in Des Moines, Iowa.

Barbara Crane, an abstract photographer whose camera transformed mundane objects into provocative, playful and sometimes frightening fantasies, died Aug. 7 at her home in Chicago.

Skeptical of the official account of the assassination, he would wage a tireless campaign to prove it wrong — to work with private investigators in the hope of exonerating his father.

Mr. Lewis also shared an Oscar nomination with his wife for producing ‘‘Missing,’’ about the death of an American writer in Chile.

Harvey Frommer, 83, and Myrna Katz Frommer, 80, of Lyme, N.H., who died on Aug. 1 and Aug. 8, respectively, were the authors or coauthors of many baseball books and oral histories.

The costume designer’s careful research and intuitive eye were prized by leading Italian directors, especially Luchino Visconti.

Dr. Hansen’s work greatly expanded the pool of potential marrow donors for transplants.

Mary Kennedy-Peretti, 92, of Belmont, who died Aug. 10, was a teacher and longtime volunteer who served as an inspirational figure to her children and extended family.

Mr. Belolo partnered with Jacques Morali to start the Village People and lead them to mainstream success.

Lee Bennett Hopkins, who in scores of anthologies he edited as well as in his own writings used poetry as a tool to teach and fire the imaginations of young readers, died Thursday in Cape Coral, Florida.

The businessman who founded the national restaurant chain Jason’s Deli more than 40 years ago in Texas has died.

Mr. Cullum, 77, was a cornetist, bandleader, and educator known for his weekly NPR program “Riverwalk Jazz.’’

Dr. Mullis shared the Nobel in 1993 was known as polymerase chain reaction.

Mr. Findley was known for supporting civil rights and opposing the Vietnam War

Ms. Snitow insisted on turning an analytical — even critical — eye toward feminism even as she organized relentlessly at its grassroots.

Pittsburgh Steelers wide receivers coach Darryl Drake, who spent more than 30 years molding some of the best players at the position at both the collegiate and professional level, has died. He was 62.

A practical consideration — not an epiphany — drove Mr. Poppen to invent his forerunner to the snowboard.

Mr. Bylsma played a wide repertoire on both period and modern cellos, from Baroque concertos to sonatas and chamber works.

The artist was identified early in her career with Italian avant-garde movement Arte Povera — the only woman among its main members — before branching out into a wide range of mediums across more than a half-century.

Ms. Swaraj was the second woman in India’s history to serve as external affairs minister, after former prime minister Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated in 1984.

While other budding jazz musicians of the 1940s were enamored of the daring bebop innovations of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Mr. Wilber looked toward the past for inspiration. He found it in the music of the 1920s.

Takis — his legal name was Panayiotis Vassilakis — was enjoying a burst of attention, with a retrospective underway at the Tate Modern in London, when he died Friday in Athens at 93.

Confirming details about Ms. Ruiz’s life was no easier after her apparent death than it was when she was alive.

Barbara Shailor Borosage, labor activist for unions and in government, dies at 72

As the sole constant member of Silver Jews, Mr. Berman released six albums using the band name.

Was the woman who died July 8 in Florida the same woman who famously cheated in the Boston Marathon?

Steve Sawyer, a leader of the international environmental group Greenpeace and one of the first activists on the global stage to sound the alarm over the rising threat of climate change, died July 31 in a hospital in Amsterdam, where he lived. He was 63.

In his heyday. Mr. Race personified toughness but served as a transitional figure who helped bring the sport from an era of brawn to one of character-driven performance.

Mr. Wheelock tried to “let nature speak, to find the best in nature” while crafting his designs, says a longtime friend.